In conclusion I want to draw on some of the ideas developed in earlier chapters to emphasise the problem of anti-humanism today. All too often what seem to be the most radical critiques of social problems prove to be a kind of apologetic, whose end point is to abstract these problems out of the capitalist society that gives rise to them, situating them instead in a denatured "society'. To analyse the question of anti-humanism today, I start with a logical presentation of the issue. Since this is rather an abstract discussion, I then want to illustrate my argument using some of the more historical material from identity studies.