Fanon's plea for mankind has gone largely unaddressed in the fields of both medicine and public health. The tool of allopathic medicine has possessed the public health care system and fostered the continuing negation of the well being of millions. Practitioners of modern medicine are skilled at dealing with individuals and their acute conditions such as infections, viruses, and the breakdown of specific organs, but are inadequate in the face of chronic illnesses and their associated problems. According to one estimate (Rothman and Rice, 1998) chronic ailments cost $470 billion a year in direct health costs; indirectly, they cost an additional $234 billion in lost productivity from those who are disabled or die prematurely. Yet Americans continue to spend the major portion of their health care dollars on acute care, despite the overwhelming evidence that the major causes of premature death and disease are persistent chronic illnesses.