Neo-Meinongians hold that there are non-existent objects, among these mathematical and other abstract objects. Alexius Meinong's original Gegenstandstheorie is exposited, followed by a detailed examination of the so-called none-ism of the iconoclast Richard Routley. The neo-Meinongian rejection of the so-called Ontological Assumption and the Reference Theory is endorsed as a salutary challenge to the neo-Quinean criterion of ontological commitment, even if in the end the neo-Meinongian Independence Thesis cannot plausibly be accepted.