The first decade of the twentieth century saw a marked interest in Kant, much of which was stimulated by Russian students studying for a period in Germany, where neo-Kantianism was the ubiquitous philosophical movement. The interests of these Russian students often mirrored the dominant concerns of the German neo-Kantian school they had attended. Even female students, barred from Russian universities and forced to study elsewhere in Europe, returned to Russia and discussed Kant's thought.