In Chapter 11, Watts presents the need for a rational approach to the processes involved in engineering design as an intellectual activity. There is the morphological approach of Norris (1963) to provide a conscious framework (as opposed to intuition) of all steps in the design process. Parameters of essential qualities and quantities, and parameter steps of possible solutions for the requisite parameters, are identified so that the stages of identification, analysis and synthesis can be examined and systematically treated. Jones (1963) developed a more closely controlled logical approach for identifying factors and interactions of factors in stages which can be examined in matrix form through partial solutions to combined partial solutions and on to a final design. A system of logical analysis devised at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston shows a somewhat different logical system in which at any stage the problems are to be examined in the light of six basic elements: stage of achievement, place of operation, time factors, resources, methods of achievement of the design, and the justifications of the design. Considerations of methods of improvement are then to be applied at each stage. In the USA, Mc Crory, Wilkinson and Frink (1963) have compared scientific research methods with the steps of determining need, need analysis, design conceptualization, determinations of feasibility, and final production.